Poetry Writing Courses for International Students

Verse Writing Courses for International Students Verse Writing Courses for International Students Individuals as a rule compose sonnets since they need to catch a second or certain feeling they have encountered. Verse utilizes an alternate way to deal with correspondence with the peruser. This sort of writing has its own gadgets and procedures to pass on your experience to the crowd. Careful discipline brings about promising results, yet on the off chance that you compose sonnets, or if nothing else attempted to, you realize that earlier information on these procedures is very useful. Here is a rundown of courses that will assist you with beginning the excursion into verse, improve your abilities as an author and distribute your work. A portion of the courses are free and some of them are paid, however every one of them are on the web, and in this manner, appropriate for universal understudies. â€Å"What is poetry?† from OpenLearn is a free course, a well known stage for online investigations. It is extraordinary for fledglings as it covers the essentials, instructs how to utilize composing strategies and artistic gadgets. This course is intended for individuals who wish to begin composing sonnets, however for reasons unknown continue deferring. It can enable you to acknowledge what prevents you from composing, and free your creative mind. â€Å"Poetry writing† structure Gotham Writers is valuable for the individuals who cannot discover their way with words. The course instructs how to have the most impressive effect on the peruser, yet additionally addresses the types of verse and composing methods. This course is likewise held in New York, so you can take it face to face on the off chance that you live close to this area, or in the event that you are going to visit the city in time of their workshop. â€Å"Writing poetry† from University of Oxford centers around composing gadgets and how to utilize them. In the event that you confide in college instruction more than private courses, than this course may be better for you. In the wake of finishing it, you will feel increasingly certain about your composing aptitudes, learn various sorts of refrain structures and idyllic structures. â€Å"Poetry composing course† from London School of Journalism comprises of 8 exercises. It is a finished course that strolls you through from the nuts and bolts to getting distributed. In the event that you need to locate your own style this one is certainly for you. â€Å"ENGL 310: Modern Poetry† is one of the basic courses from Yale University. It comprises of 25 free talks and a test. The course is helpful for individuals who might want to get to know writers of present day verse and discover motivation in their composition. â€Å"Writing and perusing poetry†, strangely enough, is one more verse composing course from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It has an accentuation on training of making verse and breaking down twentieth century verse. This course is increasingly valuable for understudies, who definitely know it all in principle and need to begin rehearsing. On the off chance that you need to begin composing sonnets or you do, yet feel like something is absent from your work, or you simply cant get distributed for reasons unknown, take up an online course. Fill the holes in your insight or abilities. On another note, in an assembly room, you should impart your advancement to a lot of different understudies. On the off chance that you are a tenderfoot and feel threatened with taking an imaginative gathering course, an online program is a decent spot to begin. Visit our dependable composing administration to purchase understudy expositions on the web in the event that you need assistance with composing your scholastic papers.

Hume vs Kant Causality Essay Example for Free

Hume versus Kant Causality Essay Humes extreme objective in his rational undertakings was to sabotage obscure Philosophy. By concentrating on the part of reason, Hume appears there are restrictions to theory. Since he didn't have the foggiest idea about the cutoff points, he proposed to utilize motivation as well as could be expected, however when he went to a limit, that was the breaking point. He guessed that we should consider motivation to discover what is past the capacity of reason. Hume started his first assessment if the brain by characterizing its substance as Perceptions. Here along these lines [he divided] all the view of the psyche into two classes or species. (27) First, Impressions spoke to a picture of something that depicted a close relationship. Furthermore, there were musings and thoughts, which established the less distinctive impressions. For instance, the reviewing of a memory. From this qualification, Hume announced that all thoughts included birthplace inside impressions. From the qualification of discernments, Hume made his ? magnifying instrument so as to follow all thoughts back to impressions. He did this to scan for the cutoff points. On the off chance that a thought couldn't be followed back to its impression, it was excessively obscure. Hume isolated the objects of human explanation into two classifications. To start with, the connection of thoughts, which spoke to all that is ? from the earlier. Furthermore, he made the classification of issues of truth. Matters of actuality made up the ? a posteriori bit of the range of reason. Matters of truth are unexpected, which means they could be something else. So as to go past the objects of human explanation, Hume recommended that thinking depended on circumstances and logical results. Causal relations help us to know things past our page 2 quick region. The entirety of our insight depends on understanding. In this way, we need understanding to come to causal connections of the world and experience steady combination. Hume expressed that he will dare to certify, as a general suggestion which concedes no special case, that the information on this connection isn't in any case, achieved by thoughts ? from the earlier, yet emerges altogether for a fact. (42) Unfortunately, our experience of steady combination just educates us concerning the past. Objectively, that is all it lets us know. We can anticipate that the impact should follow the reason, however it's anything but an adequate premise to accept the impact will originate from the reason later on. These things are unexpected they could be unique. The association between these two suggestions isn't natural? it is constantly construed. (480) Hume declared that the future will look like the past. This is the presumption fundamental every one of our thoughts of causality. On the off chance that the future doesn't look like the past, at that point all our explanation dependent on circumstances and logical results will disintegrate. When Hume proposed questions, for example, Is there any progressively comprehensible suggestion at that point to avow that all trees will prosper in December and January, and will rot in May and June? (49), Hume shows that it's anything but a connection of thoughts that future will take after the past; it is conceivable that the course of nature will change. In this manner, what occurs later on is neither a connection of thoughts, nor a self evident reality. It is outlandish, in this manner, that any contentions for a fact can demonstrate this likeness of past to future, since every one of these contentions are established on the speculation of that similarity. (51) Now Hume recommended that all deductions originate from custom, not thinking. Through custom or propensities, we have gotten acquainted with anticipate that an impact should follow a page 3 reason. This is certainly not a sound contention. This contention fixates on the hypothesis of steady combination, which doesn't fall under either fork of reason. All inductions as a matter of fact, in this manner, are impacts of custom, not thinking. (57) Hume investigated the possibility of causality by underscoring the three requests that can be checked through perception. First he contended the part of steady combination. In this angle, the circumstances and logical results must be spatially and continually existent. Also, he declared that it must have worldly need, in that, the reason needed to go before the impact. In conclusion, the occasion must have an important association we should build up a comprehension of why a reason delivers a specific impact. Humes evaluate of causation is that we can't see it, we should induce it. For instance, two billiard balls, one pushing toward the following exhibit transient need since one ball is moving first. Also, consistent combination happens on the grounds that the balls exist together spatially and continually. Be that as it may, there is no essential motivation behind why this occurs. Hume attested that we can envision a world where the impact would be unique. He at that point presumed that we cannot get an impression of an essential association, we can just experience steady combination and fleeting need. Experience just shows us how one occasion continually follows another, without educating us in the mystery association which ties them together. (77) We hence presume that reason is a restricted workforce and that we have no motivation to confide in our normal strategies for contention or to imagine that our standard analogies and probabilities have any power. taking everything into account, Hume attested that since we don't have any impression of essential associations, it is our desire that accepts the impact will follow the reason. page 4 The presence of a reason consistently passes on the brain, by a standard change, to the possibility of the impact. (87) Since we are prepared to anticipate the impression of fundamental association, its possibility originates from our psyches. Along these lines, our faith in fundamental associations of the universe depends on a sane realities. Immanuel Kant, a rationalist after Hume, embarks to change power. Kant accepted that if Hume was correct, transcendentalism would be unimaginable. In any case, Kant was reluctant to give up to Humes wary contention, so Kant decides to do a scrutinize so as to investigate the conceivable outcomes and change power. Kant starts his study scanning for ? from the earlier information inside way of thinking. Kant started to scan for the ? from the earlier rules that were normally deductible so as to clarify why we see the things we can't see. Kant accepted that the main way that we could get to things vital and all inclusive was through ? from the earlier. Kant found that the idea of the association of circumstances and logical results was in no way, shape or form the main idea by which the understanding thinks the association of things ? from the earlier, but instead that power comprises inside and out of such ideas. (8) Kant started to inspect unadulterated ? from the earlier explanation by building up his investigate. He expressed that there are limits and substance. He set out to discover what is inside the confinements and what is outside. Kant inspected the three assortments of information: math, physical science and power. Kant said that science must have need and comprehensiveness. This spots math and science sensibly speaking. Kant initially separated judgment into two sorts of information expository and engineered. In the Prolegomena, Kant condemned Hume for having viewed scientific decisions as logical. Had he understood that page 5 they were engineered, Hume would have had the option to presume that some manufactured decisions can be made ? an earlier. Kant presumed that math and science fell under ? from the earlier engineered decisions. This gives us all inclusiveness, yet it likewise discloses to us something. For Kant, information must be essential and all inclusive characteristics must originate from ? from the earlier engineered decisions. They need to reveal to us something we dont know, something totally autonomous of experience. This thought of Kants, totally negates Hume. Hume had attested that anything dependent on experimental realities had no need, and along these lines was unforeseen. Hume additionally expressed that experimental realities couldnt give us comprehensiveness either, in light of the fact that we cannot realize future will take after the past. Kant expressed that all Humes convictions focused upon the way that only experience could outfit us with such associations. (24) For Hume, all science was experimental, and we could just comprehend what happened up until this point. Conversely, for Kant, he said that logical laws guarantee need and all inclusiveness. It is just from ? from the earlier that we get all inclusiveness and need. Kant at that point proceeded with his study to decode if transcendentalism is conceivable. Kant isolated the resources of the psyche and the manner in which it thinks into three particular classifications. To start with, he expressed that math was displayed through instinct. The types of instinct were ? from the earlier and had two limits. To begin with, instinct gave us existence through unadulterated instinct, and tangible information through experimental instinct. At that point, Kant set up a supernatural differentiation among numena and wonders. Numena speaks to the things in themselves, while wonders speaks to the things for us. In this polarity we have no page 6 access to numena. The main way we can get to things outside us is through instinct, however instinct has these structures. This shows our restrictions. Arithmetic isn't pertinent to numena. We can have scientific information on marvels. From this we can gather we have between abstract information. Kant has given us all inclusive and important information in the extraordinary domain. Kant calls attention to that the mistake may emerge attributable to a figment, in which [he proclaim] to be generally substantial what is just an abstract state of the instinct of thing and certain just of all objects of faculties, in particular for all conceivable experience. (39) Kant has recently recommended that the blunder and base for all transcendentalism isn't recognizing marvels and numena. At last, Kant clarified that everything is a differentiation of wonders and numena. We get need and all inclusiveness through this differentiation and furthermore from the projection that marvels originates from certain ? from the earlier perspectives. Accordingly, the future will look like the past, in light of the fact that we cause it to take after the past. Kant utilized comprehension, the second staff of the brain to clarify causality. As the understanding stands needing classifications for exp

The Best GRE Essay Samples

The Best GRE Essay SamplesIf you want to write a great GRE Essay, or even if you're just trying to brush up on your skills so that you can pass your next test, then the best GRE essay samples available are those with explanations of problem-solving that are straight from the GRE test-prep manual. These online guides offer you step-by-step explanations of multiple choice questions and also serve as study guides so that you can review each question before you answer it.In addition to this, there are several guides available that can show you exactly how to write your essays, as well as how to prepare for the test. These guides will help you become familiar with the rules for writing essays, so that you can prepare for the GRE by taking the easy-to-understand tests.When you take the best GRE essay samples, you will learn how to write a powerful essay. The most effective essays are written by those who take the time to review their thoughts and decide which answers work best. When you us e this strategy, you can be certain that you will be able to select the best answer in the essay question.One of the most important parts of writing an essay is being able to give a thorough and well-researched answer. You must make sure that you do not just try to figure out the answer on your own, but instead take the time to really read through the essay and figure out the best answer for the question.By reading through the best GRE essay samples, you will be able to gain a deep understanding of how to do this. It will also serve as a foundation for the rest of your career as a student, so you will be able to continue to improve your writing skills throughout your academic career.Another benefit of using the best GRE essay samples is that it will teach you how to write essays in general. This means that you can use the samples to write better essays when they are presented to you in the future.Not only will you be able to write better essays, but you will also be able to express yourself more clearly and effectively, and you will be able to do this throughout your entire academic career. By taking the time to use the best GRE essay samples, you will find that you have many more chances to make excellent essays that are also impressive.If you're looking for online guides to writing an essay, then the best way to get these resources is to use the best GRE essay samples available. These resources will show you exactly how to write your essays so that you can become the best writer that you can be.

Tim Hortons Coffee Is A Brand Named After Its Founder

Tim Hortons’ coffee is a brand named after its founder Tim Horton and Jim Charade. Tim Horton is the Canadian fast casual restaurant where the first store opened in Hamilton Ontario. This corporation has been making trust among people by serving them the products and services since 1964. It has been more than 50 years that Tim Hortons have proved honesty towards its customers. Its target audience is almost everybody such as people from all ages, backgrounds and religions, would love to go to the Tim Hortons as it offers a wide variety of food and beverage choices to its customers. Tim Hortons faces high intensive competition with other reputed corporations. Starbucks, McDonalds or Waves Coffee is rival competitors in the market. Even though having such a big competitor, the company has been succeeding in keeping up with the competition and other changing elements in the market place. Tim Hortons offers a wide variety of menu to its customers. Its menu contains of course coffee , sandwiches, doughnuts, muffins and cookies, but as the market place and people preferences are changing every day. Therefore, they introduce new types of products to satisfied customers’ need. Tim Hortons had a total of 2,148 corporate employees across the Canada and USA and Steve Whuthman is one of the executive vice presidents of corporation and human resources. (2013 sustainability and responsibility, 2013) Training and Development Milhem, Abushamsieh, and Pà ©rez (2014) argue that theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Beyond the Bean7731 Words   |  31 Pagesachieve our main objective: Long-term objective Reaching a bigger market share and maximize profit within 3 years. Short-term objectives 1) Enter new market segment 2) Managing costs effectively and lower the monthly costs. 3) Creating brand awareness. 4) Realizing a 3% per month profit increase Introduction Beyond the Bean is a new cafà © that specializes in gourmet coffees and related beverages (espressos, lattes, cappuccinos, teas, etc.) where customers could also rent tablesRead More Analysis of the Starbucks Corporation Essay5209 Words   |  21 Pagestimeline and history, 2004). In 1982, Starbucks had grown to five stores and started serving coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. Harold Schultz was employed as the director of retail operations and marketing. Harold Schultz convinced the founders of Starbucks to open a downtown Seattle coffee bar, which opened in 1984. With the success of Seattle coffee bar, Schultz left Starbucks to start his own company named Il Giornale. In 1987, Il Giornale acquired Starbucks retail operations for 4 million dollarsRead MoreCoffee and Starbucks5354 Words   |  22 Pagesand history, 2004). In 1982, Starbucks had grown to five stores and started serving coffee to restaurants and espresso bars. Harold Schultz was employed as the director of retail operations and marketing. Harold Schultz convinced the founders of Starbucks to open a downtown Seattle coffee bar, which opened in 1984. With the success of Seattle coffee bar, Schultz left Starbucks to start his own company named Il Giornale. In 1987, Il Giornale acquired Starbucks retail operations for 4 millionRead MoreMarketing Plan - Cold Stone16618 Words   |  67 Pages........5 Industry Trends.......................................................................................................5 Competitive Trends.................................................................................................7 Brand Competitors...............................................................................................7 Product Competitors............................................................................................7 Generic Competitors.......

The Phone-Card-Phone The First Disposable Cell Phone

Famous for staying, Weve printed a phone, Randice-Lisa Randi Altschul was issued a series of patents for the worlds first disposable cell phone in November 1999. Trademarked the Phone-Card-Phone ®, the device was the thickness of three credit cards and made from recycled paper products. It was a real cell phone, although it was designed for outgoing messages only. It offered 60 minutes of calling time and a hands-free attachment, and users could add more minutes or throw the device away after their calling time was used up. Rebates were offered for returning the phone instead of trashing it. About Randi Altschul   Randi Altschuls background was in toys and games. Her first invention was the Miami Vice Game, a cops-against-cocaine-dealers game named after the Miami Vice television series. Altschul also invented the famous Barbies 30th Birthday Game, as well as a wearable stuffed toy that allowed a child to make the toy give hugs and an interesting breakfast cereal. The cereal came in the shape of monsters that dissolved into mush when milk was added.    How the Disposable  Phone Came to Be Altschul thought up her invention after she was tempted to throw her cell phone out of her car in frustration over a bad connection. She realized that cell phones were too expansive to throw away. After clearing the idea with her patent lawyer and making sure no one else had already invented the disposable phone, Altschul patented both the disposable cell phone and its super thin technology, called STTTM, together with engineer Lee Volte.  Volte was the senior vice president of research and development at Tyco, the toy  making company, before joining up with Randi Altschul.   The 2-inch by 3-inch paper  cell phone was manufactured by Dieceland Technologies,  Altschuls Cliffside Park, New Jersey company.  The entire phone body, touchpad, and circuit board were made of a paper substrate. The paper-thin cell phone used an elongated flexible circuit which was one piece with the body of the phone, part of the patented STTTM technology. The ultrathin circuitry was made by applying metallic conductive inks to paper. The circuit itself became the body of the unit, Ms. Altschul told the New York Times. It became its own built-in, tamper-proof system because you break the circuits and the phone goes dead if you cut it open.   The toy designer with no prior experience in electronics developed the phone by surrounding herself with experts who shared her conceive-it, believe-it, achieve-it attitude, as she told USA Today. The greatest asset I have over everyone else in that business is my toy mentality, Altschul told the New York Times. An engineers mentality is to make something last, to make it durable. A toys lifespan is about an hour, then the kid throws it away. You get it, you play with it and — boom — its gone.   Im going cheap and dumb, she told The Register. In monetary terms, I want to be the next Bill Gates.   The STTTM technology opened up the potential for creating countless new electronic products and countless cheaper versions of pre-existing products. The technology was a milestone in electronic innovation.

Drug Addiction - 866 Words

Drug Addiction: Disease or Habit? When people hear the words drug addict, these words have negative connotations and stigmas attached to them. People visualize a person who does not care about anything, including family, work, or commitments, except for obtaining money to buy drugs to get high. However, there are many people who are drug addicts that maintain a normal, functional life. Most people who are drug addicts would give anything to kick the habit; they do not enjoy the high anymore. The problem is, they can’t. Addiction, defined by Webster, is a compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal. So, if the addicts want to stop, why can’t†¦show more content†¦This way, I can convince the readers that drug addiction is more than a habit, and can be considered a brain disease. I will use the information I gained in my psychology class in college where we spent a l ot of time going over the science side of addiction and what it does to the brain. It allowed me to see addiction as a brain disease rather than a compulsive habit and that helped me deal with the loss of my friends. I will explain the way that prescription pain killers mimic the endorphins, the body’s natural â€Å"feel-good† chemical and how the brain will eventually become tolerant to the â€Å"fake† endorphins and depend more and more on pain killers to keep from experiences withdrawal symptoms. Nowadays, it seems like there is a pill for everything. The media tries to convince consumers that they need a pill to cure ailments they didn’t even know they had. Also, doctors have been irresponsible when it comes to prescribing habit forming drugs, especially to young adults. I have a friend, Brandon, whose leg was run over by a tractor when he was eighteen years old. The doctor prescribed him an extremely high dosage of pain killers and before he knew it, he had developed a high tolerance for them. Once his leg was healed, he wanted to stop taking the pain killers, but his body went through a state of withdrawal. He wanted to stop taking the pills so bad that he checked himself into rehab. However, in order to get off of the painShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Drugs And Heroin Addiction1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe arguments for whether or not to prescribe heroin to treat heroin addictions are controversial. Henden and Baeroe (2015) state both sides of the arguments being that some believe â€Å"it is in the nature of heroin addiction for individuals to lose their ability to resist their desire for heroin,† which knowing the nature of chemical dependency, heroin addicts would not refuse any heroin, so it still possibly an invalid consent to research participation as they did not have a free choice to reallyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people first hear the word drug, they thi nk of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. They also think about the user and sometimes why they use. One thing that is overlooked by the public is the treatment programs that are available to drug users. There is a stigma in our society around drug use that is very negative. Many believe that people that do drugs do them just to do them and even if this is true in some cases, no one wakes up one morning and decides that today is the dayRead MoreDrug Addictions802 Words   |  4 Pagesof the states, is facing drug problems. This state is considered one of the deadliest drug epidemics in American history. There are two types of drugs mentioned in the article. One of them is opioid. An opioid is a substitute for morphine and widely used. According to the statistics, 500 people had died from an overdose in 2005. In 2013, the numbers soared from 500 deaths to 2,700. Another drug(s) is known as synthetic opioids. Fentanyl and Carfentanil are the two drugs mention by Phil Plummer,Read MoreDrug Addiction3845 Words   |  16 PagesDrug Addiction (Focus of the Study: â€Å"Shabungan† at Brgy. Victoria Reyes, Dasmarià ±as, Cavite) Group No. Cuenca, Ma. Kristina B. Enon, Jane Loraine S. Tuban, Julie An Pelisco, Marvelous Salcedo, Yvette Laganzo, Ma. Riellyn Mae Austria, Gerald Mateo, Alyssa INTRODUCTION: Drug Addiction is a chronic disease affecting the brain, and just about everyone is different. It was also a condition that characterized by compulsive drug intake, craving and seeking despite what majority of societyRead MoreAddiction : Drugs And Addiction947 Words   |  4 Pages Addiction is a problem that’s very prevalent in our society. Considering that drugs and alcohol are being introduced to kids in middle school, this isn’t that surprising. We as a society constantly bombarded with talks about the â€Å"war on drugs† and addiction. There are constant conversations about what should and shouldn’t be legal and what addiction really means. Is addiction in the head, or is it something a person chooses? Should we help or punish people with addictions. Everyone has opinion,Read MoreDrug Dependence And Addiction : Drugs1231 Words   |  5 Pagesobvious assumption that drugs have an effect on the mind, but what exactly goes on and how do these substanc es affect your brain and change your state of consciousness? This is the question that interested me and brought me to want to write about this certain topic. Drugs alter the way people think, feel, and behave by disrupting neurotransmission, the process of communication between brain cells. Over the past few decades, studies have established that drug dependence and addiction are features of anRead MoreDrug Addiction and Drugs1219 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs Addiction Miami Beach Senior High Ashley Gonzalez Ms. Cooper/Mr.Sussman English II-Period Three 06 March 2013 Drugs Addiction Topic and Thesis Statement Miami Beach Senior High Topic: Drugs Thesis Statement: In an examination of drugs I will discuss causes of this disease/or social dilemma. I will also discuss the effect of drugs on individuals, families and society. Read MoreDrug Dependence And Addiction : Drugs1231 Words   |  5 Pagesobvious assumption that drugs have an effect on the mind, but what exactly goes on and how do these substances affect your brain and change your state of consciousness? This is the question that interested me and brought me to want to write about this certain topic. Drugs alter the way people think, feel, and behave by disrupting neurotransmission, the process of communication between brain cells. Over the past few decades, studies have established that drug dependence and addiction are features of anRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesmy older brother struggle with drug addiction has taught me more in my life than anything else. He was a smart kid with a good head on his shoulders.   As he grew older he made some unwise choices with regard to substance abuse that quickly turned into a full blown addiction lasting over five years and landed him in and out of four different rehabs.   He was striving to get clean, but every time he took one step forward he fell three steps back.   Taylor entered Drug Court, after finding himself inRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1017 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society, it is now normal to know somebody who has a drug addiction especially to opiates. A dr ug addiction is a mental disorder that the person can no longer control their actions. The person addicted to the drug will no longer care about the outcome of their actions as long as they can get that high they are seeking. **from textbook pg. 303** â€Å"Opioids are classified as narcotics- strongly addictive drugs that have pain relieving and sleep-inducing properties. Opioids include both naturally

Catapult Project Essay Sample free essay sample

Slingshots have been used since Greek and Roman times. They were used as siege engines against palaces and walled metropoliss. The ammo loaded into the slingshots were meant to interrupt the walls with rocks. fire incendiary missiles over the walls. or used for biological warfare. such as establishing dead animate beings over the wall to distribute disease. The type of slingshot we built is a catapult slingshot. We like to name it RZYAACN ( our names combined and it sounds cool ) . The slingshot works through tortuosity. which is the tenseness caused when an object is twisted in one way while the other terminal is inactive or twisted in the opposite way. with equal and opposite torsions at each terminal. Now to the building of the slingshot. we foremost had to make up ones mind which type we would construct. We decided on the catapult slingshot because of its apparently simple design. We will write a custom essay sample on Catapult Project Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page demand for non excessively much stuffs. and awesomeness. We so went to the shop Home Depot to purchase our supplies. At Home Depot. we bought two 2?4’s ( inches ) which were eight pess and 12 pess long. and we had a Home Depot employee cut up for us into smaller lengths. He cut the wood up into two pieces that were 36 inches long. one piece that was 30 inches long. four piece that were 15 inches long. and one piece that was 18 inches long. We besides bought one piece of square plyboard that was half an inch midst. and had it cut from its original 24 inches by 24 inches size to 15 inches by 18 inches. We bought a 36 inch cylindrical piece of wood. which we sawed at the shop into two pieces. 15 inches long each. Last. we bought 21 pess of nylon rope at the shop. which was cut by one of the employees. We so drove back to the house. where the existent building began. We set up the base of the slingshot with the two 36 inch piece of wood and two of the 15 inch pieces. puting them up in a rectangle. We used power drill. and used a drill spot to get down the hole. and so drilled in three inch nails to maintain the wood in topographic point. Following. we put the staying two 15 inch pieces of wood on top of the base vertically. 15 inches from the terminals o f the base on opposite sides. reiterating the same procedure for the boring and nails. Then. we sawed the square piece of wood in half diagonally to organize two trigons. with the aid of Ryan’s pa. We so nailed on both of the trigons. one on each side. to the base and verticals. with the hypotenuse of the trigon lifting towards the verticals. Then. we nailed in the 18 inch piece of wood. linking the two unsloped 15 inch pieces of wood on the side antonym of the trigons. Then. we drilled a half inch hole in the 30 inch piece of wood 2 and ? inches from the terminal of the wood through the center of the side. Then. we drilled one inch holes that are 6 inches from the terminal of the base with the trigons attached and 2 ? inches from the underside. Now. it’s clip for the wrapper of the rope. First. we tied a knot with the rope onto one of the 15 inch cylindrical rods. Then. we put forced the rope through the holes in each piece of wood. traveling to the other side. wrapping it around the other piece of cylindrical wood one clip. back to the other side. and so back to the other side one time more. Then. this is where things change. Alternatively of traveling through the holes in the swing arm. the rope is wrapped above and below the arm. The wrapper is fundamentally in a figure 8 form. So when you go above the launch arm. the rope is hence traveling to travel into the following hole and wrap from under the cylindrical rod. which will do the following wrap to travel under the launch arm. and so away. Then. as we neared the terminal of our twine. we wrapped the rope near the launch arm together one time for better tenseness. and so knotted at the cylindrical rod. Now. with the twine in topographic point. we turned the rods towards us from the side with the twine and triangular supports. As we turned more and more. the launch arm rose and created a batch of tenseness. so much so that we had to acquire Ryan’s pa to make the last bend because it was so hard. and so had to put a nail to forestall the rod from stealing. We so attached a spherical object to the terminal of the launch arm to keep our object that we are establishing. which is a playground ball in this instance. We boring a little hole in the center of t he base and center of the terminal of the launch arm. and found a piece of wood in the garage that we attached a twine to. so that we could stop up the hole with this piece of wood attached to threading to remote launch the slingshot. And that. is how you build a catapult slingshot.

Gay Marriage Legalization

Table of Contents Introduction A case for Gay Marriages Objections and Counterarguments Conclusion Works Cited Introduction While marriage has traditionally been prescribed as a union between heterosexuals, there has been a shift towards giving marriage rights to homosexual couples. This change has been brought about by the prevalence of homosexuality in the society and the widespread acceptance of gay relationships.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Gay Marriage Legalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While until recently homosexuality was looked upon as vile and even criminalized by some governments, the 1960s saw a change in trend that saw many states making laws that decriminalized same-sex conduct and abolished discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation (Volokh 106). Riding on this momentum, gay activists all over the country have been calling for the legalizing of gay marriages all t hrough the country. This legalization would ensure that gay couples were afforded the same rights and benefits as their heterosexual counterparts. Despite this advocacy, the ultimate goal of gay marriages legalization remains unachieved. This paper will set out to argue that gay marriages should be legalized. The paper shall outline various arguments to demonstrate that same-sex marriages should be legitimized. The major oppositions presented by anti-gay right activists will also be highlighted to give a balanced view on the topic. A case for Gay Marriages The denial of marriage rights to the gay hinders their mental health and well-being. The American Psychological Association has issued statements that demonstrate that harmful mental health effects result from the discrimination that lesbians and gay men face (Herdt and Kertzner 11). This is a notion that is corroborated by Culhane who states that marriage would result in reduction in the stress associated with the social exclusio n and legal uncertainty that same-sex couples currently face (491). As it currently stands, gay couples lack the social support system to help cope with the stress that comes about from the discrimination that they face. Legalizing gay marriages would reverse this situation therefore improving the wellbeing of the gay community.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A research on the effects of civil partnership status in Great Britain demonstrated that the partnerships resulted in better health outcomes for the couples inasmuch as stable same-sex relationships lead to better health (Culhane 491). Marriage is a benefit not only to the two people being joined by the union but to the society as well. This is true for both heterosexual and same-sex couple marriages. By refusing to recognize the legitimacy of same-sex marriages, the individual as well as the society is affected. G iving same-sex couples same marriage rights as heterosexual couples would enjoy them to enjoy the benefits that are inherent in the marriage institute (Peplau and Fingerhut 407). In particular, same-sex couples would benefit greatly from the income and wealth benefits that are realized from marriage since marital status enjoys substantial legal and financial privileges. The lack of legal recognition of gay marriages as a denial of the gay person’s right to enjoy a fulfilling life with his/her partner. This is because marriage is an institute that is fundamentally built on love and the need for companionship by the two parties involved. Research by Peplau and Fingerhut on love and satisfaction in same-sex relationships found that there were striking similarities in the reports of love and satisfaction between same-sex and heterosexual couples. Gay activists suggest that the only difference between same sex and opposite-sex couples is the procreation ability of opposite-sex cou ples. Since procreation is never the basis of legal marriage, gays should not be denied marriage since they union is not unlike that of heterosexual couples. Culhane states that the marital status would reduce the outsider status currently given to gay couples therefore allowing them to enjoy the benefits that heterosexual couples accrue from marriage (491). Past views about gay unions were based on the misconception that being gay is inherently evil and detrimental to the society. This traditional view has undergone radical changes ever as the society has evolved.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Gay Marriage Legalization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Feldblum proposes that the world is changing significantly and as such, the principles which guide our society should also change towards a system whereby liberty for all is guaranteed (6). Feldblum contends that since homosexuality has become acceptabl e and is not viewed as being harmful to the society’s moral fiber, gay people should be afforded the same rights as heterosexuals (10). To reinforce his assertion, he reveals that according to surveys only 40% of the people object to legal recognition for same-sex couple (11). This is an important assertion since legal recognition of same sex marriages is mostly objected to on the basis that the general public is against such establishments. Duncan notes that there has been a clear change in public opinion related to sexual behavior and the law should reflect the reality of how people are living (647). Refusing gay couples the right to marriage is tantamount to unjustified discrimination and as a nation founded on the grounds of democracy and equal rights for all, the United States of America should not engage in this discriminatory behavior. While the government is adamant that it protects all citizens equally in spite of their sexual orientation, this is not the reality sin ce gay couples continue to be deprived of right to live together in consensual relationships (Volokh 106). Feldblum agrees with this view by observing that while the government purports to be neutral in the â€Å"gay marriage debate†, it in essence takes a stance on the moral question every time it fails to take action to ensure that gay people can life openly and safely from harassment. The stigma that is attached to same-sex relationships has an adverse effect on the children of same-sex couples. Clarke reveals that there is discrimination against same-sex parents in schools where their homosexuality is perceived as a threat to the education of children (556).Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has a negative effect on both the parents and the children who are stigmatized as a result of their parent’s sexual orientation. The Massachusetts Supreme Court declared that exclusion from marriage affected the children of same-sex couples in that they were prevented from â€Å"enjoying the immeasurable advantages that flow from the assurance of a stable family structure in which children will be reared, educated, and socialized† (Culhane 492). Legitimizing the same-sex unions through marriage would in essence lift this stigma therefore stopping the unnecessary suffering that children are forced to undergo by denying their parents the right to marry Denial of the right to marriage by same-sex couples has resulted mostly from the religious undertones that surround the marriage institute. The imposition of the religious definition of marriage on the larger society is what makes it difficult for many Americans to agree on whether same-sex couples should be allowed t o marry. Wilson articulates that â€Å"opposition to homosexuality and gay rights is derived primarily from religious beliefs† (564). This assertion is reinforced by statistics which indicate that the most commonly cited reason for opposing same-sex marriages is that it goes against one’s own religious beliefs. The Christian religion is especially vocal in its opposition to gay marriages and goes ahead to label homosexuality as â€Å"unnatural† and lesbian and gay parenting as sinful and a perversion of god’s plan for the human race. From this perspective, protecting lesbian and gay rights is seen as undermining religion (Clarke 559). Religious beliefs should not drive public policy and as such, same-sex marriage should not be prohibited because it goes against the religious beliefs of certain people. Wilson rightfully reveals that the Christian precept that one-man, one-woman marriage as â€Å"ordained by God† results in the superiority of heteros exual relationships and the subsequent inferior status of same-sex unions (565). This is wrong since the American constitution does not allow for any faith to impose its religious beliefs on others. Objections and Counterarguments One of the objections raised by opponents of gay marriages is that recognizing these marriages would compromise the institute of marriage. To support this claim, opponents assert that gay rights advocate see gay marriage as a step towards the abolition of the marriage institute as they seek to reorder society’s view of the family. Crawford goes so far as to claim that gay couples are only encouraged to marry so as to undermine the significance of the marriage institute in our society (244). While it is true that gay couples are encouraged to marry, the aim is not to undermine marriage but rather to reinforce the need for legalizing gay marriages. The claim that gay activists are seeking to abolish the marriage institute is false since in reality, th e gay community wants to be able to enjoy the privileges that heterosexual couples enjoy as a result of the marriage institute. Duncan suggests that the ideal of marriage is â€Å"inextricably linked to the reality that men and women become mothers and fathers as a natural result of their relationship† (661). Gay marriages would by extension endorse fatherless or motherless homes since the gay couples cannot have children in the natural way. In the event that the gay couple had children through some other means, the same-sex couple headed family would compromise the roles of father and mother. The argument about role models is based on the assumption that lesbians and gay men have a faulty gender identity and therefore lack the ability to successfully rear their children. Research indicates that lesbians and gay men do not have any faulty gender identity and raise children in the same manner as their heterosexual counterparts. Another issue raised by opponents of gay marriage s is that it negatively affects children. This argument is best articulated by Clarke who states that according to critics of same-sex marriages, â€Å"Children in lesbian and gay families grow up gay and confused† (564). According to this argument, being brought about by same-sex parents increases the likelihood that children will end up being gay or at least confused about their sexual identity. Opponents who use this line of argument propose to be concerned about the welfare of children. This argument is based on the false premise that gay parents might produce gay children; or at least pressure their children into a same-sex sexual orientation. The argument assumes that gay people actively seek children to recruit into their ranks. As a matter of fact, heterosexuality is the sexual identity that is actively imposed on children. Gay couples do not impose their values on their children and in the event that their children became gay, it should not be an issue unless the soc iety is uncomfortable with the prospect of more gays. In addition to this, research overwhelmingly indicates that gay and lesbian parents do not directly affect their children’s gender development and as such, there is little difference between the gender role behavior of children brought up by heterosexual and gay parents. Conclusion In the past half century, gay relationships have moved from being perceived as inherently evil to wide acceptability. Even so, debate still rages about same-sex marriages and despite the increasing visibility of same-sex couples, marriage rights remain unattained for many. This paper set out to demonstrate that legalizing gay marriages universally would result in great benefits to the individuals and society at large. From this paper, it is clear that denying same-sex couples the right to marriage negatively affects their wellbeing as well as their mental health. This discrimination also results in the stigmatization that same-sex couples contin ue to face. The paper has also shown that arguments that suggest that gay parents may negatively affect their children’s development are flawed. This paper has shown that the only difference between same sex and opposite-sex couples is the procreation ability of opposite-sex couples and this should never be grounds for discrimination. From this paper, it can be authoritatively stated that the denial of marriage rights for same-sex couples is unjustifiable and as such, the government should overturn this discriminative policy. Works Cited Clarke, Victoria. â€Å"What about the children? Arguments against lesbian and gay parenting†. Women’s Studies International Forum, Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 555–570, 2001. Crawford, David. Liberal Androgyny: â€Å"Gay Marriage† and the Meaning of Sexuality in our Time. Communio: International Catholic Review, 2006. Culhane, John. Marriage equality? First, justify marriage (if you can). Drexel University Law Review, Vol. 1:485, 2009. Duncan, William. The Litigation to Redefine Marriage: Equality and Social Meaning. Journal Of Public Law, Volume 18 pp. 623-663. Feldblum, Chai, Moral Conflict and Liberty: Gay Rights and Religion. Jan 2006. Web. Herdt, Gilbert and Kertzner, Robert. â€Å"I Do, but I Can’t: The Impact of Marriage Denial on the Mental Health and Sexual Citizenship of Lesbians and Gay Men in the United States; Sexuality Research and Social Policy†. Journal of NSRC, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 33-49. Peplau, Letitia and Fingerhut, Adam. The Close Relationships of Lesbians and Gay Men. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58:405–24, 2007. Volokh, Eugene. Same-Sex Marriage and Slippery Slopes. Hofstra Law Review, Vol 33. http://www2.law.ucla.edu/volokh/marriage.pdf Wilson, Justin. â€Å"Preservationism, or the elephant in the room: how opponents of same-sex marriage deceive us into establishing religion†. Duke Journal Of Gender Law Policy Volume 14:561 2007. This research paper on Gay Marriage Legalization was written and submitted by user Kaitlynn Gould to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Contract Law The WritePass Journal

Contract Law Introduction Contract Law : 316). In spite of this, the practical application of economic duress has been subject to much confusion and it has been questioned when, if ever, renegotiations should be enforced. It would seem, under the doctrine of consideration, that renegotiations can never be enforced on the basis that no additional consideration supports the promise to pay more or accept less (Chen-Wishart, 2012: 316). Under the promissory estoppel doctrine, the promise to pay the same for less can be enforced in limited circumstances, though this does not apply if illegitimate pressure has been exerted. Therefore, if it can be demonstrated that illegitimate pressure has been applied to the renegotiation of a contract, that contract will not be enforceable. Because commercial contracts are extremely competitive, it is likely to be the case that some form of pressure will always be applied. Though the question to be determined is whether the pressure that has been applied is legitimate or not. This is likely to be ex tremely problematic and thus cause a great deal of complexity for the courts. As exemplified in the cases above, threats to blacklist a ship and refuse its release may constitute duress. Further examples of where economic duress has occurred can be seen in the cases of North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai Construction Co Ltd [1979] QB 705 and Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 17 where threats to terminate a contract in the absence of a renegotiation is also illegitimate unless it can be legally justified. What will be deemed legally justified is largely a matter to be determined based upon individual facts and circumstances, though there is likely to remain a lot of confliction in this area. In Williams v Roffey Brothers Ltd [1991] EWCA Civ 5 the Stilk case was severely limited by the courts.   Here, the consideration requirement was extended to include practical benefits and thereby covered the promise to perform an existing contract. Here, a number of contractors promised to refurbish 27 flats with a sub-contractor performing the carpentry. Before the flats were finished, the sub-contractor realised that he had under-priced the contract and was resultantly facing financial difficulty. The main contractors offered the sub-contractor a financial inducement to finish the contract on time. It is trite law that consideration is needed for a party to that contract to be able to sue on it. Since the sub-contractor was doing no more than he was already bound to do under the contract, consideration was lacking. Surprisingly, it was held by the court that because the contractors had received a benefit from the sub-contractor, in that they avoided the penalty clause of the main contract, the sub-contractors claim was successful. This did not mean that consideration was present as the benefit did not move from the promisee, although there was a clear departure from the orthodox principle of consideration principle. The doctr ine of consideration maintains that a contract will not be supported by the performance of an existing duty unless that duty exists by virtue of a third party contract (Noble, 1991: 141). This decision conflicts with the decision in Stilk which demonstrated that consideration needs to be of economic value to be deemed good consideration and that it needs to move from the promise as also shown in; White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36; Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851; Shadwell v Shadwell (1860) 9 CBNS 159; and Scotson v Pegg (Scotson v Pegg (1861) 6 H N 295). It has also been argued by Cheshire et al; that; the time has come to recognise formally the alternative definition of consideration and admit that the rationale behind the refusal to enforce some types of consideration is pure policy (Cheshire et al; 2012; 77). Arguably, it appears that the consideration principle is rather outmoded and in need of reform so that a more robust approach to economic duress can be taken by the courts. At present, much confusion arises as to when economic duress can be used as a defence. Judges thus need to err on the side of caution to prevent commercial pressure being mistaken for economic duress and vice versa. Still, as stressed by the court in Adam v Opel Gmbh v Mitras Automotive [2007] EWHC 3481; â€Å"the list of matters to be considered in assessing legitimacy is not exhaustive, and the weight to be attached to each of them will depend on the facts of the individual case. Furthermore, it was also stated in the case that the decision to be made will involve some element of value judgement when considering whether the pressure that was exerted on the claimant crossed the line from that which must be accepted in normal robust commercial bargaining. It is clear from the decision in this case that the courts have made some attempts to provide clarity in this area and that each case will be decided on its own facts. In the more recent case of Kolmar Group AG v Traxpo Enterprises Pyt Ltd [2010] EWHC 113 it was evidenced that a contract variation between a supplier and a customer will unlikely amount to duress if the supplier is unable to perform a contract as a result of financial difficulties that will cause the supplier to become insolvent. Another problem that arises when it comes to economic duress is whether lawful conduct can amount to illegitimate pressure. Whilst it is possible, it is also extremely rare as shown in CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher Ltd [1993] EWCA Civ 19; GMAC Commercial Credit Ltd v Dearden [2002] All ER (D) 440 (May) and Wright v HSBC Bank plc   [2006] EWHC 930 QB. Consequently, economic duress will continue to pose many problems as there will always be a debate as to whether particular circumstances may or may not give rise to a claim for economic duress. Because of the uncertainty within this area, it is evident that a more robust approach needs to be taken so that greater clarity and consistency can be provided. Economic duress has also been criticised for being causation-led, thereby meaning that a lack of causation will prevent a successful claim from being made. In Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 2 it was pointed out by Lord Scarman that in deciding whether causation was present, it will need to be considered whether the claimant; a) protested; b) had a practical alternative open to him; c) received independent advice; and d) acted promptly. This decision has been criticised for being inconclusive and failing to take into account the fact that claimants may not think that there is any point in protesting. This was recognised by Chen-Wis hart when it was argued that; these factors are inconclusive. The victim may not protest because he sees no point in it or he may not wish to antagonise the coercing party whose performance he needs (Chen-Wishart, 2012: 318). It is clear that the facts and circumstances of each case will be the determining factor as to whether the claimant has suffered economic duress or not. Because of the uncertainty that exists in this area, however, it is often difficult for those entering into commercial contracts to acknowledge that they are exerting pressure that is considered illegitimate, especially when there is a possibility that lawful pressure will also be capable of amounting to economic duress. As a result of this, Young warns against exerting commercial pressure that the courts may possibly consider economic duress: Abusing your upper hand can leave the strong open to claims (Young, 2012: 23).   Conclusion Overall, whilst the doctrine of duress is well established in English law, the doctrine of economic duress still remains largely uncertain. This generally arises from the difficulty of distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate economic duress. As such, it is up to the courts to decide when a persons economic interests have been damaged from being forced or coerced into entering into a contract. Hence, the court will be required to consider whether the re-negotiation of the terms of the contract were lawful and whether the person being subjected to the economic duress, should be entitled to rescind the contract that they entered into. This is an important defence in ensuring that parties to a contract have equal bargaining power. Nevertheless, the practical application of economic duress has been subject to much confusion over the years, which may result from the reasoning that has been provided by the courts. There appears to be a lack of consistency that is being provided, which highlights the need for future reform to this area. Whilst there is a difference between commercial negotiation and illegitimate pressure, it has proven extremely difficult to distinguish between the two, especially since lawful conduct can also amount to illegitimate pressure. In order to provide clarity to this area, it seems as though a more robust approach is therefore needed by the courts. References Business Dictionary. (2014) Economic Duress, [Online] Available: businessdictionary.com/definition/economic-duress.html [07 July 2014]. Card, R. Murdoch, J. and Murdoch, S. (2003) Estate Management Law, OUP, 6th Edition. Carr, N. (2011) Walking the Line – The Balance Between Legitimate Negotiation and Economic Duress, Available [Online]: lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=ee935c57-32ac-471f-ae37-4f65a4912b9c [07 July 2014]. Chen-Wishart, M. (2012) Contract Law, Oxford University Press. Cserne, P. (2009) Duress in Contracts: An Economic Analysis, Contract Law and Economics, Volume 6, 2nd Edition. Furmston, M. P.   Cheshire, G C. and Fifoot, C H. (2012) Cheshire, Fifoot and Furmstons Law of Contract, Oxford University Press: London. Dictionary. (2014) Duress, [Online], Available: yourdictionary.com/duress [07 July 2014].    Noble, M. (1991) For Your Consideration, New Law Journal, Volume 141, Issue 1529. Ohrenstein, D. (2013) Key Developments in Contract Law: Economic Duress, Radcliffe Chambers, [Online] Available: radcliffechambers.com/media/Misc_Articles/Key_Developments_in_Contract_Law_-_Economic_Duress_2013.pdf [07 July 2014]. Young, A. (2012) When Pressure Turns to Duress, Construction Law Journal, Volume 23, Issue 5.   Cases Adam v Opel Gmbh v Mitras Automotive [2007] EWHC 3481 Collins v Godefroy (1831) 1 BAd 950 CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher Ltd [1993] EWCA Civ 19 Dimskal Shipping v International Works Federation (The Evia Luck) [1992] 2 AC 152 DSND Subsea Ltd v Petroleum Geo Services ASA [2000] EWHC 185 GMAC Commercial Credit Ltd v Dearden [2002] All ER (D) 440 (May) Kolmar Group AG v Traxpo Enterprises Pyt Ltd [2010] EWHC 113 North Ocean Shipping Co Ltd v Hyundai Construction Co Ltd [1979] QB 705 Pao On v Lau Yiu Long [1979] UKPC 17 Scotson v Pegg (Scotson v Pegg (1861) 6 H N 295) Shadwell v Shadwell (1860) 9 CBNS 159 Siboen and The Sibotre [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 Stilk v Myrick (1809) 2 Camp 317 Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851 Universe Tankships v International Workers Federation (The Universe Sentinel) [1983] 1 AC 366 White v Bluett (1853) 23 LJ Ex 36 Williams v Roffey Brothers and Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1991] 1 QB 1 Wright v HSBC Bank plc   [2006] EWHC 930 QB

Vermont's Women Organizations and Training Programs Essay

Vermont's Women Organizations and Training Programs - Essay Example This has helped establish the causes of discrimination against women and hence address this issue and help women achieve their political ambition (Goleman 5). The League of Women Voters is a non-partisan league established in 1920 by Carrie Chapman, which does not fund or compete against political parties or candidates. However, the league believes in a representative government and the freedom of individuals as stipulated in the constitution. They also believe that a democratic government highly depends on well-informed citizens and citizen’s involvement. This has encouraged democracy and hence allowing women to gain a political advantage (Goleman 7). The Women’s Leadership Circles of Vermont is a circle of 10-12 women leaders originating from a particular region. Vermont Women’s Leadership Circle was founded by Kerry Secrest of Watershed Coaching, LLC in 2011 (Marla & Kerry 1). It offers influential women the space, support, and tools to lead with precision and self-confidence. The program was formed to cater for the needs of women in leadership positions across all sectors of the economy. Those who participate have a clear vision that drives them toward personal and professional achievement. This helps the women grow in their roles as change-makers. Through these initiatives, the various organizations and groups have been able to help women achieve political mileage. This is because women become more empowered and feel more confident to go for political

Cultural Considerations in the Design and Localisation of Essay

Cultural Considerations in the Design and Localisation of International Websites - Essay Example ses who want to make sure they can gain profits more efficiently in the fierce market competition should definitely design their websites in different languages and localise them to adapt to the local culture. Sun (2004), who is a senior localisation specialist from a software localisation company in Shenzhen, defines localisation as a process to custom-make software, websites, or documents according to the demands of the target country, or market, in order to eliminate the cultural barriers. For example, in the context of a company the term localization refers to the transformation of the company’s image to an international standard. Thus, it reaches more countries beyond that which it is mainly based in both expansion of services to target region and meeting their specific, cultural resemblance. In fact, other definitions of localisation also stress that website localisation is meant to revise the website to give the website a linguistic appeal in aagreement with the target culture so that the information on the website can be accessed and used by the target users more easily. It is an all-round process so the designer of the website must consider all business and cultural aspects. The designer should not only be a programming expert since great web design is not enough in business localisation. Thus, the web designer should also be familiar with the target culture knowledge, and of course, master the target language. It can be seen that, through restructuring of the web content and emphasis of a cultural appeal; the basic object of localisation is to eliminate cultural barriers. Therefore the cultural considerations are definitely necessary and even the most important concern in the design and localisation of international websites.The essay is going to start with describing the necessary of localisation of international websites. Next there are some analyses of important cultural considerations, such as language, colour, images and symbols, layout and data

Emotional Skills In Social Work Practice

Emotional Skills In Social Work Practice Social Work Practice, a powerful modern day skill for social empowerment of the disadvantaged and excluded segments of society, is an occupation of enormous scope and an immensely stressful activity (Burgess Taylor, 2004). Educated and trained in social work theory and practice, these practitioners are required to constantly interact, assess and understand situations, as well engage in various actions aimed at providing appropriate relief and succour to their disadvantaged clients (Burgess Taylor, 2004). This calls for significant knowledge of the tenets of social work practice. However, social workers in the UK function in an increasingly management oriented setting which is more organisational and administrative, with an emphasis on private public participation, accountability and coordination (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 7 to 81). Increasing competition between social work providers, business-oriented standards for performance assessment, mounting work pressures and the need to micro manage and carefully control the distribution of services often lead to personal dilemmas, contradictory emotions and disorientation (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 7 to 81). Significant failures in social work have brought to the fore various challenges facing social workers in processing and comprehending their own emotions and actions, as well as those of others (Perez-Koenig Rock, 2001, P 25 to110). Modern day behavioural experts and psychologists feel that much of the reasons behind such failures lie in the inadequacies of traditionally followed training approaches, which deal primarily with the inculcation of practical and theoretical competencies and ignore broader and more holistic emotional issues (Perez-Koenig Rock, 2001, P 25 to110). Adequate attention to emotional issues in the training and development of social workers is felt to be critically important for (a) aligning the emotional dimensions of social work, which, while essential, is rendered invisible, with the natural caring roles of social workers (b) providing supportive agendas for individual and professional development (c) providing processes to define the emotional constituent of social work practice that is obliterated by the increase of managerial practices in the area, (d) tackling the disruptive power of emotions on thought, (e) creating an effective balance between rational and emotional reactions for making of sensible and wise decisions, and (f) bridging cultural differences (Turner, 2005). Whilst the origins of Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be traced back to the works of Darwin, its modern day emergence, as a serious and relevant issue for study and application in various areas of work that involve people, arose first with the work of Robert Maslow in 1960, followed by those of John Mayer and Peter Salovey in 1989. Peter Salovey described EI as the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions (Nelson Others, 2007, P 30). The concept of EI received a boost with the work of the psychologist Daniel Goleman, who popularised it, first with his 1995 book Emotional intelligence: why it can matter more than IQ and thereafter through constant research and work on the subject (Nelson Others, 2007, P 30). Goleman has developed a number of EI competencies in two specific areas of EI, personal competence and social competence, and has encouraged the inclusion of EI in the education and training module of social work (Nelson Others, 2007, P 30). This essay deals with the various ramifications of EI in social work and its use and application for fresh entrants, educated and trained in the area, principally in three specific disciplines; counselling, conflict management and social work practice, 2. EI in Counselling New entrants in the area of social work counselling will be required to help people of various ages from different segments of society to confront and overcome a diverse range of problems and challenges (Payne Shardlow, 2002, P122 to 198). Counsellors aim to provide people with the guidance and support they require to alter their lives and move forward in a constructive manner. Social work counselling can loosely be segregated into (a) counselling and therapy (assisting clients with different emotional problems) (b) providing advice and information in areas related to jobs, employment choices, welfare, rights, debt, etc. (c) social and community care, (helping with providing of support to families, young and old people, and those without homes or with disabilities) and (d) charities and other voluntary organisations (providing support to workers to collect funds and organise volunteers in order to continue their operations (Payne Shardlow, 2002, P122 to 198). Recent years have seen an increasing conflict between the managerial and administrative functions of social workers and their requirement to meet individuals at the time of their need, give them respect, battle disadvantages and unfairness, construct relationships that resolve problems, and support wellbeing (Payne Shardlow, 2002, P122 to 198). People in need of counselling have time and again requested to be treated with dignity and respect, to be patiently listened to and helped (Payne Shardlow, 2002, P122 to 198). Effective counselling requires social workers to listen carefully, react effectively and build relationships with service users, colleagues and others (Payne Shardlow, 2002, P122 to 198). Golemans four core competencies, namely self awareness, self management, social awareness, and relationship management can be of immense help to new counsellors by enabling them to understand personal emotions and their effect on other people, as well as by developing the ability to control strong emotions that can upset service users (Druskat Others, 2006, P 72 to 145). Inculcation of social awareness enables new counsellors to recognise the emotional condition of their clients, bridge cultural and social distances and understand the challenges and difficulties experienced by service users (Druskat Others, 2006, P 72 to 145). Relationship management on the other hand equips counsellors to converse with service users, persuades them to listen to and understand the suggestions of the counsellor, and build strong bonds (Druskat Others, 2006, P 72 to 145). The principles of client centred therapy, popularised by Carl Rogers, require counsellors to refrain from unsettling clients with queries, evaluations, judgments, and explanations, but to focus upon providing secure, non-judgemental and caring environments, where the service users can control counselling sessions, decide what is discussed, and find their individual solutions to existing problems without requiring the counsellors to fix the course of therapy (Mulhauser, G, (2009, P 1). Carl Rogers based his framework on the belief that individuals become progressively more truthful and dependable once they realise that their subjective understanding is appreciated and accepted. Rogers core conditions, better known as CUE, consist of Congruence, Unconditional Positive Regard, and Empathy (Mulhauser, G, (2009, P 1). These three conditions are of extreme importance in client-centred counselling and new counsellors need to inculcate a deep understanding of them in order to provide requisite conditions for clients who have a strong desire to explore their feelings and who treasure personal responsibility. Such an approach may however be unsuitable for clients who wish to be provided with extensive advice, diagnosis of problems and analysis of their problems (Mulhauser, G, (2009, P 1). Clients who would like to address specific psychological habits or patterns of thinking may find some variation in the helpfulness of the person-centred approach, as the individual therapeutic styles of person-centred counsellors vary widely, and some will feel more able than others to engage directly with these types of concerns. (Mulhauser, 2009, P 1) Whilst newly inducted counsellors need to be careful about the requirement of their clients, the use of emotional skills is often necessary and needs to be fully inculcated by counsellors. 3. EI in Conflict Management Social workers, especially those taking up positions in social work organisations, understand that their work will often deal with conflict and that too in various roles, as advocates, negotiators and mediators (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Social work education comprises of a wide range of perspectives, (like environmental, radical and feminist), which in turn are based upon dissimilar premises regarding human relationships (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Social work practice requires different approaches from different perspectives in case of intervention for resolution or management of situations of conflict (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Examples of such situations (in terms of the above perspectives) could include interface between individuals and their social environments, confronting patriarchy, or challenging discrimination and oppression against a wide range of groups, including women, lesbians, gays and ethnic minorities (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Conflict resolution training for social workers provides numerous principles for successful conflict resolution, like (a) the need for different responses for different conflicts, (b) the availability of different responses like avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise or collaboration for bringing about solutions, (c) the need of people to feel secure from physical or emotional hazards, (d) the availability of various skills for conflict resolution skills like refraining, active listening, and identification of underlying interests, and (e) the need to balance emotions with rationality (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Social workers are undoubtedly aware of the lack of emotional intelligence being the main cause of conflict (Lenaghan Others, 2006, P 76+). Researchers in EI also argue that a lack of emotional intelligence is one of the leading causes of conflict in our society (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Contemporary training tools make significant use of Goldmans principles on EI, particularly self-confidence, emotional self-control, transparency, empathy, motivation and relationship management (Turner, 2005, P136 to 217). Golemans work makes a valuable contribution to conflict management theory and training, and a compelling case for the importance of emotion in what we believe to be rational decision-making processes (Bjerknes HYPERLINK http://www.mediate.com/articles/bjerknes.cfm#bioHYPERLINK http://www.mediate.com/articles/bjerknes.cfm#bio Paranica, 2002, P1). Golemans theories constructively help social workers understand the important role of emotion in life and the reliance placed upon emotional input for making decisions and prioritisation of information. This greatly helps in minimising conflict in personal and working life (Bjerknes HYPERLINK http://www.mediate.com/articles/bjerknes.cfm#bioHYPERLINK http://www.mediate.com/articles/bjerknes.cfm#bio Paranica, 2002, P1). Solid training that focuses on developing awareness about our strengths and weaknesses as mediators, facilitators and trainers is crucial to our development as culturally competent process workers, and is crucial in our pursuit to help clients achieve their potential. Openness to learning and reflecting about our role, about who we are, and about how we affect others is essential and will lead us down the path to success in life. (Bjerknes HYPERLINK http://www.mediate.com/articles/bjerknes.cfm#bioHYPERLINK http://www.mediate.com/articles/bjerknes.cfm#bio Paranica, 2002, P1) 4. EI in Social Work Practice Social Work practitioners are required to interact with service users, social workers and other participants of the social care system like medical practitioners, teachers and members of local authorities (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 101 to 172). With the interaction between social workers and service users being the focal point of social work practice, the relationship between social worker and service user involves perception on the part of the practitioner, appreciation of the emotions of the client and usage of perceptions to handle situations and achieve efficiency in delivery of social care (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 101 to 172). Such work demands a high degree of emotional intelligence (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 101 to 172). Social work in the present context does not extend only to the assessment and fulfilment of perceived social needs (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 101 to 172), but also to the realisation of and respect for the service users goals, choices, and preferences and the use of interdisciplinary resources available with the social worker to meet their emotional, social, physical and economic needs. Social workers need to engage in active introspection of events, try to obtain a clear psychological understanding of the challenges and needs of service users and inculcate genuine concern for the economically and socially disadvantaged and excluded (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 101 to 172). Whilst such perceptions cannot be generalised because of the different needs of different people, the inculcation of empathy and service orientation facilitates the development of necessary perspectives and perceptions (Burgess Taylor, 2004, P 101 to 172). Social workers entering practice should recognise that they need to confront their own emotions as well as those of their service users, especially so in cases where the issues are extremely challenging and difficult to resolve. Goleman identifies five EQ domains as (a) knowledge of own, (b) management of own emotions, (c) motivating oneself, (d) recognising and understanding emotions of other people, and (e) management of relationships, i.e. the management of emotions of other people (Druskat Others, 2006, P 152 to 189). Experts also agree that EI, along with reflective ability enables social workers to increase their resilience to stress (Druskat Others, 2006, P 152 to 189). Self awareness and self management competencies help social workers to progressively develop self confidence, transparency, and optimism (Druskat Others, 2006, P 152 to 189). Social awareness and relationship management on the other hand allow them to engage positively with their clients as well as with other participants in the social care structure (Druskat Others, 2006, P 152 to 189). It is unfortunate that current research reports still underline the need for social workers to have more empathy for their clients. They found that being listened to and understood was crucial for the carers. Staff who took time to ask questions and hear complex and long stories of how the family were coping was seen as the most helpful. These findings confirm previous ones and it is of great concern that people using services are still identifying that only some social workers are proficient in such crucial and basic skills. (Sedan, 2005, P 7) It is being constantly proved that the difference between the better social workers and the others can be narrowed down to skills like listening, non-critical acceptance, avoidance of moralistic or judgemental attitudes and other competencies directly related to EI. New social workers need to heed such findings and focus strongly on improving their EI and E skills. 5. Conclusions The principles of EI, when they were first elaborated by Mayor and Salovey raised significant interest in a world that was becoming increasingly competitive and insensitive; the possibility of people being able to adopt techniques and behaviours to work with greater cooperation, harmony and productivity was welcomed with enthusiasm. The path breaking work on the subject by Goleman in following years and the adoption of the tenets of EI in various areas of human endeavour, more noticeably in social work and in the HR functions of business firms, have resulted in its increasing popularity and application. As is evident, EI can be applied in numerous areas by social work practitioners; it is an extremely useful skill and can be used productively in counselling, conflict management and various other areas of social work practice. Whilst interest in the area of human needs and actualisation has increased since the publication of Maslows theories, the evolution of specific theory on the issue has added a new dimension to the area by developing methods for people to increase their E skills and improve the quality and productivity of their working and personal lives. Recent entrants to social work however need to realise that E skills and EI can increase only with constant inculcation and application of its principles and bare knowledge of theoretical tenets will not suffice in improving their EI competencies. With the tools and methods of improving EI still in the primary stages development, much more needs to be done to popularise the issue and encourage its application in various areas of social work. The Boston EI questionnaire provides a good method of assessing personal EI, which is in consonance with the Five Step Method for improvement of emotional quotient (Druskat Others, 2006, P 225). Younger social workers would be well advised to sincerely take the test and constantly improve their EI.

Music by Phillip Evergood :: Essays Papers

Music by Phillip Evergood The Painting Music by Philip Evergood is most definitely one of my all-time favorite paintings. The painting has so many rich colors and lively shapes. It literally makes you feel as though you were sitting either in the same room as the people in the painting or possibly even playing music along with them. I think that what Philip Evergood was trying to accomplish with this painting was a feeling of unity through music and I believe that he did an outstanding job of showing this. He made a great effort to show the diversity in his subjects. He shows old men, young men, black men, white men, old women, young women white women, and black women. He uses his theme of music to show incredible unification. One other thing that I especially liked about the painting was the fact that you could almost feel the type of music being played in this modest room. You actually get a feel for the time period and just by being able to see the detail in the individuals clothing and expressions on there face there is something here that screams jazz. In further research I found that Evergood was indeed a jazz fan and the time period 1933- 1959 does indeed make it a possibility that jazz was the music that these individuals were playing. I especially like how Evergood incorporated so many different instruments in his work. Yet another link to jazz in my opinion. He has an insane amalgamation of horns and brass and drums and violins. He has not only portrayed the diversity of music and people but he has shown the unity in music and I think that this was his main theme and I believe that it could not have been executed more beautifully by any other artist at any other time. From the theme of unity and his ability to express it so well to his actual painting technique I believe that Evergood has accomplished something that so many artists reach for. He has given his painting life. He has shown that there is a direct meaning behind themes in his painting. Themes that are not so much hidden but more or less right in your face, ready to be taken in.

Communication with individuals who have dementia Essay

Alzheimer’s disease Short-term memory loss is associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals affected with this disease may be unable to remember things that have just happened or ask the same questions repeatedly. Individuals suffering with it can also forget people this could be just forgetting their names and eventually just forgetting who they are. This itself can cause communication issues and the individual may not know who they are talking with and on top of that may repeat the same parts of the conversation over and over as they have forgotten what has already been said. Individuals may also struggle in finding the right words or can’t remember the right word for what they want to say so it can be hard to hold a conversation. If they can’t explain what they mean properly an individual with dementia may become frustrated and this can often be dismissed as agitation or aggression. Vascular Dementia With Vascular Dementia although the causes are different to Alzheimer’s a lot of the symptoms are similar. For instance they may suffer memory loss, lose things and be disorientated. All these things can cause difficulties when communicating. There can be different symptoms of vascular dementia as different areas of the brain can be affected but most include slower thinking processes. Communication often becomes slow and the individual may find it hard to find the right word or forget what they were trying to say in the first place. This is very frustrating for them. People are often tempted to finish their sentences off for them which can lead to further frustration as its usually finished wrongly and not what they wanted to say. Read more:  Understand the Role of Communication and Interactions With Individuals Who Have Dementia Dementa with Lewy Bodies (DLB) Again this does have some common symptoms with Alzheimer’s and Vascular dementia. For example memory loss and disorientation but it also has other symptoms that aren’t always found in other forms of dementia. Someone with DLB may experience visual hallucinations. This means they see things that aren’t really there. An individual experiencing hallucinations may be  extremely frightened by them and be very afraid. They are very real to the individual and should be taken seriously. It can be difficult to comfort someone with hallucinations as it can cause them a lot of distress. When the person is experiencing hallucinating it can cause communication difficulties as the person isn’t in touch with what is real and what is not as the hallucinations are very real to them. Non-verbal comfort and lots of reassurance are the best way to communicate with someone during hallucinations. Vivid dreams can also be experienced with this kind of dementia. Individuals with DLB may show different levels of alertness. There moods can change quickly from being chatty one minute to not knowing who you are the next. It is important to have flexible communication so you can respond to the individuals’ mood appropriately. An individual experiencing this form of dementia are also susceptible to falls and trips as there balance can be affected. Fronto-temporal dementia This form of dementia can be found in older people but is often found in younger people between 30 to 60. Early stage symptoms are similar to other forms of dementia. For instance communication issues such as forgetting or not understanding words or peoples’ names. There isn’t memory loss in the early stages but it seems like there is because of the communication problems. Personality changes are often common in this form of dementia. The may become extrovert when they weren’t before or vice versa, they may behaving inappropriately or lack empathy. They can behave inappropriately, for instance removing clothing in public or shouting loudly. It can seem like they are being selfish as they can lack warmth for others. The personality changes can make communication difficult. Especially for people that have known the person before they suffered with dementia. They may feel that they don’t know the person anymore and find it hard to interact with them. 1.2 Physical and mental health factors should always be considered when communicating with an individual that suffer with dementia. For instance they may have eye sight problems or not be able to hear well which can affect their ability to communicate. Hearing and vision problems should not  be over looked. Regular eye and hearing tests should be performed as an individual with dementia may not be able to communicate that there is a problem. Glasses and hearing aid batteries should be checked regularly. Someone suffering with dementia may also have problems with pain. They may find it hard to communicate what the problem is or where the pain is coming from. They may not be able to express or explain that they are in pain. Pain can cause other problems such as lack of concentration, increased memory loss, aggressive behaviour, sleeping problems and mood swings or a short temper. These are often mistaken for the persons dementia because of their lack of communication skills. It is important that people working with individuals that suffer from dementia are aware that pain could be a factor. Physical disability or illness needs to be taken into consideration. Someone who has had a stroke or has an illness like cerebral palsy may have difficulty with speech but not with memory problems. An individual with early stage dementia may understand perfectly what you are saying to them but may have difficulty communicating back. They may not be able to find the words are put the wrong words in the sentence. This can be very frustrating for them. You have to patient and let them speak without trying to finish the sentence off for them. When dealing with an individual regularly you can become familiar with the way they communicate which can make it easy for both of you. An individual suffering with dementia may experience depression or anxiety. This too can cause communication problems as it can affect how they respond to others. They may not be interested in being involved in having a conversation which can make it hard for others trying to talk to them. It can also cause reduced concentration and problems with sleeping which then can lead to more confusion. This can make communication and other forms of interactions extremely difficult. 1.3 When communicating with an individual who has sensory impairment it is important to use hand gestures, body language, facial expressions and touch. Various aids or equipment can also be used such as flash cards, pictures or sign language to help understanding. If an individual suffers from hearing loss it is important to ensure that hearing aids are fitted correctly, working properly and batteries are changed regularly. When speaking to  someone with hearing loss you need to be not too far away from them, speak clearly and don’t shout. Some individuals with hearing problems can lip read and some may be able to do sign language. Gestures and pointing to things can help and the use of flash cards could also be of use. As dementia progresses though, an individual may find it more difficult to use sign language or lip read as it becomes harder for them to remember how to do it. Glasses or contact lenses are the most common way of assisting someone who is visually impaired. You should ensure that the lenses are clean and that the individual has regular eye tests to ensure that they are wearing the right prescription glasses. An individual suffering with dementia may forge to put there glasses on so it is important to remind them to put them on. If someone has severe visual impairment you should not just suddenly begin speaking as they may not have realised you were there. Make sure that you introduce yourself when speaking so they know who it is and you don’t shock them. You may need to use touch more than what you would when speaking to someone fully sighted as they will not see facial expressions, body language and gestures. It is important to maintain good communication and interaction as some with visuals impairment suffering with dementia can find the progression of the illness very frightening. 1.4 Individuals with dementia often demonstrate problem behaviour. There are many things that may contribute to such behaviours even something as simple as an uncomfortable, loud, or stressful environment. They could be experiencing pain, or be finding it hard to communicate or carry out simple tasks or perhaps there in unfamiliar surroundings. As a carer it is important that you pick up on these kinds of situations so you can ease the discomfort of the individual quickly so as little distress is caused as possible. It is important that you remain calm yourself. Offer reassurance to the individual and be patient and relaxed. Use body language and the tone of your voice to try and calm the situation. Sometimes distraction can help, perhaps try and engage them in a different topic of conversation so they then forget that they were angry or unhappy. Sometimes carers can become stressed out or find it hard to cope with a particular individual, at these times it is best to take time out or get someone else to help you. Getting anxious or upset yourself can make their behaviour worse and it is  important not to take aggressive or problem behaviour personally. If you do find yourself becoming stressed with a situation take time out to relax. Often other individuals need to be involved when supporting an individual with dementia. These could be family and friends, carers or other professionals. For example: GP – For medical advice and health problems, help with medications and side effects Speech Therapist – To help with communication issues Social Worker – Can often provide useful background information, family history or situation Dementia Care Adviser – Offer advice and technique on ways to improve interactions Advocates – Provide information about the persons capacity and what is considered to be in there best interests and will be able to offer a view of the persons perspectives Family and friends – Can offer information about the person and tell you background information. Also may be able to offer advice about communication methods as they know the individual better 2.4 Dementia is a progressive illness and effects people suffering with it in different ways. A persons communication and interactions are most likely effected but with different levels of difficulty. People with dementia suffer different symptoms but most experience isolation due to increasing difficulty with communication. Often people assume that an individual with dementia cannot communicate and write them off if they do not get a response from them the first time instead of trying a different approach. The symptoms of dementia do often have a big impact on how a person communicates and they can often find it difficult to find the right word or repeat the same things several times. They may be confused about where they are or what time period there in which also can contribute to making communication difficult but there are different approaches that can be used. Picture cards or flash cards are a good way of finding out what an individual wants when they are unable to find the words. Also its important to watch their body language and gestures to pick up on things that they are trying to communicate. Although dementia does cause huge problems with communication it is important for care staff to support and develop new ways to get around  it. Carers and other peoples’ attitudes play a big part in the well-being of people with dementia. The best way to respond to the behaviour of an individual with dementia is by using creativity, flexibility, patience and compassion. Don’t take their behaviour personal, they have an illness that affects the way they behave. It is important to try and establish what is causing the behaviour to reduce the stress for everyone concerned. One of the following could be a factor: Medical problem, such as experiencing pain or side effects from medications – this needs to be resolved by a GP or a CPN Wandering around a lot – this is often caused by boredom or they may be trying to find something or someone. Offering regular exercise and activities can help with this Repetitive behaviour – this can be caused because they need to or like to feel busy. Give them something to do ask if they would like to help with jobs around the home make them feel important and independent. Behaviour trigger – often it can be hard to find the trigger but sometimes a more calming environment can help and distraction techniques can be used. Repetition – People with dementia often repeat the same things over and over. This can be very frustrating for carers. They may ask the same questions or do the same activity over and over again. This can be triggered by boredom or environmental factors. Try and comfort them or distract them and look out for similar behaviours or signs. Certain behaviours could indicate that they need the bathroom or that they are hungry. Incontinence – this is a common problem in people with dementia. They may not be able to find the bathroom in time and have an accident. An individual with dementia may find this very embarrassing and be upset with themselves. Be understanding and offer reassurance. This can be avoided by prompting regular trips to the toilet. Insomnia – Restlessness, agitation, disorientation and other troubling behavior in people with dementia often get worse at the end of the day and sometimes continue throughout the night. A day full of activities and discouraging daytime napping can help. With dementia trouble behaviour can simply just be part of the illness.  Carers need to be flexible with how they act to try and address any issues. 4.1  Reality orientation is about trying to keep the person suffering with dementia in the here and now by making sure the person knows who and where they are. If they become confused about things then they are corrected about anything that isn’t reality. Individuals are constantly reminded of the day, place, time and situation they are in. This approach is used as much today. Validation is part of a person centred approach. A persons confusion is accepted and carers do not tell them that their feelings are wrong or try to correct them. The approach focuses on the individuals feelings rather than what they are saying. Their expressed feelings are accepted as being valid and accepted. The idea of this approach is to build trust and increase well-being and is much more commonly used than the reality orientation approach.